Attention with the punctures of wasps…

Attention with the punctures of wasps…

With the return of the beautiful days, the leisures practiced outside are accompanied by a risk of punctures of hyménoptères. Benign in the very large majority of the cases, they can also sometimes be at the origin of allergic reactions at certain people.

Reaction allergic to the punctures of hyménoptères

Bees, bumblebees, Frelons or wasps are hyménoptères which, equipped with a pivot, are likely to prick and to inject a venom.
Such punctures can cause toxic reactions related to the presence of venom, but they rare and are observed starting from a very great number of punctures, more than one around fifty at the same person. Also the immediate allergic reactions are more frequent and depend on the type of allergens present in the venom injected by the insect.

One distinguishes 4 stages from allergic answers

Located: appearance of urticaria on the level of the puncture, persisting 2 to 3 a.m. with an edema reaching at least two articulations close lasting more than 12 midnight.
Light stage: urticaria generalized with prurit (itchings), feeling of faintness and anxiety.
Moderate stage: the preceding symptoms are associated with at least 2 of the following signs: edema, thoracic oppression, abdominal pains, nauseas, diarrheas, giddinesses.
Serious stage: other signs are added to the precedents: breathing difficulties, difficulty of swallowing, disorders of hearing, impression of imminent death.
Very serious stage: cyanosite, falls of blood-pressure, collapse, loss of consciousness, syncopates, incontinence, etc

It should be noted that delayed reactions are possible, even if they are particularly rare.

There exist risk factors

Certain populations and circumstances are more favourable with the reactions. It is the case of the adult compared to the child, of the men compared to the women, certain professions supporting the contact with the hyménoptères (bee-keeper, gardener…) and of the catch of certain drugs (beat-blockings, inhibiters of the enzyme of conversion).

Emergency treatment

As of the moderated stage, it is necessary to call the doctor of guard or center 15 because the victim should be supervised. In the event of aggravation, one will treat the shock: perfusion, injection of adrenalin and corticoids.

Desensitizing

The diagnosis of confirmation, which can include/understand the realization of cutaneous tests (prick-tests), is followed of a medical care depend on the severity of the reaction.
In one the 2nd time, a desensitizing can be proposed at certain people. This desensitizing is carried out by subcutaneous injections in hospital medium. Once initiated, the treatment requires the injection of amounts of maintenance during several years: a monthly amount during 3 to 5 years.