Contraception-The objective of a contraception

Contraception

The objective of a contraception

The goal of contraception is to avoid a nondesired pregnancy.
Contraception concerns the women and the men, even if it is the woman who will avoid the pregnancy.
The various methods of contraception are not all reliable and none is sure at 100%. But some are more effective than others.
The methods of contraception suggested will be different according to the age: teenager, adult woman, with or without child, mother, woman of more than 40 years, the practices sexual: stable couple, multiple partners, risk to catch a MST…
They have various mechanisms of action: either they block ovulation, or they prevent fecundation, or they prevent nidation.

Contraception and sexually transmitted diseases

The condoms are only the average contraceptive which makes it possible to avoid the MST.

Condoms at the teenagers

At the teenager, it is necessary to privilege the effectiveness of the technique, not to risk an infertility and to ensure a protection against the MST.
The condoms are a means of contraception adapted well to the teenager, it is also the only means of protecting itself from the MST and the AIDS on the condition of being posed suitably and not to be defective.
There exist male condoms which are latex cases to be unrolled on the penis in erection right before a sexual relation.
There exist also female condoms which are appeared as a lubricated sheath provided with a flexible ring at each end: this female condom makes it possible to the women to control their protection against the MST without asking for the opinion of their partner. It can remain in place a few hours before and after the report/ratio

The pill: hormonal contraception

Recall: the pill does not protect from the MST.
The pill is a hormonal contraceptive method which prevents ovulation, it in general is well tolerated. It is the means of contraception more used in France and if it is taken regularly it is very effective.
There exist some counter-indications with the regulation of the pill in particular of the antecedents of thrombo-embolic disease and cérébro-vascular disease.

There exist several kinds of pills more or less proportioned in hormones (estrogen and progesterone). Their catch is periodic.

A plate of pill contains 21 compressed. It is necessary to take of them one per day, the 1st compressed 1st day of the rules and then during 3 weeks consecutive, that is to say 21 days and always per same hour.
A one week stop between two plates allows the appearance of the rules.
If a pill is forgotten, there exists a risk of pregnancy.
If the lapse of memory is of less than 12 noon, it is too not annoying: it is necessary at once to take the forgotten pill and to continue the catch of following at the usual hour.
On the other hand if the lapse of memory is of more than 12 hours: it is necessary to take the forgotten pill and to continue the plate at the usual hours, but there can be an ovulation, therefore it is necessary to associate during two weeks another method of contraception (condoms, spermicides…).

To read our file:
> Contraception: which pill for me?.

The pill of the following day

It is an emergency contraception to use in the event of sexual relation not or badly protected and this whatever the moment of the cycle.
At the time of a sexual relation “at the risk of nondesired pregnancy” (lapse of memory of pill, late withdrawal of the partner, tear of condom,…) it is possible in the 2 to 3 days which follow the report/ratio, to take a contraceptive drug to avoid this pregnancy.
This drug is called Norvelo®, it is distributed without ordinance in pharmacies.
The provided education for young girls can also obtain it free with the infirmary of their school.
To know if emergency contraception were effective it is necessary to supervise the appearance of the next rules. In the event of delay higher than 5 days, it is necessary to make a-test of pregnancy and to consult a doctor

Other pills

Several types of pills exist for those which do not want to take a tablet the every day: the stamp of the week, the vaginal ring for 3 weeks, the subcutaneous implant for 3 years.

The coil

Recall: the coil also called DIU, does not protect from the MST.
It is a means of contraception very much used in France.
It is a small object of variable form (often in form of T), out of plastic covered with copper for more effectiveness, which is introduced into the light of the uterus.
The coil prevents the establishment of egg in the uterine mucous membrane by having a permanent inflammatory action.
The coil is in general installed at the 1st days of the rules.
Wire leave by the cervix in the vagina, these wire will be used for to leave the coil the uterus. It is important to learn how to feel wire, it is the sign which the coil is always there. If they are not felt, are shortened, are not lengthened or that the coil is felt at the end of the fingers it a doctor should be consulted.
He can be left in place during several years, the complications are rare.
He is not indicated among women who did not have children because there exists a risk, weak all the same, of infection and possible sterility thereafter.
To read our file: Contraception: any knowledge on the coil.

Spermicides

Recall: the spermicides do not protect from the MST.
The spermicides are chemical substances which destroy the spermatozoa. These products are introduced deeply into the vagina right before a sexual relation.
Associated with other local means of contraception like the condoms, their contraceptive action is effective. They are usable for all the women.
The spermicides are sold in pharmacy without ordinance, in the form of creams, of gel, ovules or plugs (sponges).

Final contraception

Male sterilization, or vasectomy, corresponds to the binding or the section of the 2 channels which bring the spermatozoa outside. Thus sperm is without spermatozoa. It is not a castration, the testicles are not touched, they continue to secrete male hormones like front.
It is important to take a time of reflection before making practice this intervention because it is irreversible.

Female sterilization, or binding of the horns, is the section of the 2 Fallopian tubes. Thus the ovules produced by the ovaries cannot go towards the uterus and cannot meet the spermatozoa. There will be no fecundation. As at the man, the ovaries are not touched and the female hormones continue to be secreted until the menopause.
As for the vasectomy at the man, it is a method of contraception irreversible and it is important to reflect before making this decision.

Except particular case, it is necessary to have a certain age and children to be able to undergo this intervention.

Natural methods

The natural methods do not protect the couples from the MST.
They are based over the period of ovulation, the lifespan of the ovule and that of the spermatozoa: the catch of the temperature, the method Persona (measurement of the rates of hormones in the urines), the study of the cervical glaire can help to calculate the date of ovulation.
The problem it is that the spermatozoa have a 72 hours life or more, that of the ovule, 48 hours or more; the periodic abstinence would be of rule a few days before and after ovulation to have few chances to make a child.
Even if the day of ovulation is relatively constant at a regularly regulated woman, the natural methods are far from being infallible.
Technique of the withdrawal: the man at the time when it feels that it is about to ejaculate to withdraw vagina of his partner. Ejaculation thus occurs outside. But this method knows a strong rate of failure.

To retain

To also read our file: The first consultation gynéco.

The contraceptive methods are many, more or less effective; they must be adapted to the age of the woman, if it has children or not, with the sexual practices of the couples and of each one.
The male and female condoms are valid for all and all, it is necessary to read the directions for use, to pay attention to the scratches. The pills are numerous, it will have always adapted one of them there to each woman. The coil is more readily used among women who already had children. The final methods with knowing the vasectomy at the man and the binding of horns at the woman must be maturely considered before being carried out. It is to better avoid using the natural methods like means of contraception, they not very effective are compared with the others.
Only the condoms, at the time of sexual relations, protect from the MST.