Inhibiters of the formation of DNA and functional RNA starting from nucleotides

The principal inhibiters of the transformation of nucleotides into DNA and functional RNA are structural analogues of the purine and pyrimidic bases and nucleosides, in this last case the structural modifications which can sit on the level of the base or ribose.

The structural analogues are sufficiently close to the biological to be incorporated in the metabolism and sufficiently different molecules to disturb it. So they can have several mechanisms of action: to lead to the formation of DNA and nonfunctional RNA, to inhibit DNA polymerase responsible for the replication of DNA and thus of the cellular multiplication, to inhibit the transcription of DNA in RNA and that of the DNA RNA under the effect of the transcriptase opposite person in charge of the replication of the retroviruses.

They are managed either in the form of base, or in the form of ribonucléoside. They disturb the synthesis of DNA or the RNA only after their transformation into derived triphosphates, thanks to the enzymes of the cell of the host or of those of the virus present in the cell. One does not use the derivatives triphosphates themselves, because being very polar, they penetrate only little or not in the cells.