Memory

Memory

Some definitions

> L training is the process by which the nervous system acquires new information.

> The memory is the storage and/or the recovery of this information.

> The disorders of the memory are called amnesia.

To also read our files:
> All its life one can develop his brain.
> Quizz: how muscler your brain?.

There are three temporal categories of memory

The sensory memory very briefly stores the information brought by the directions (seen, odor, touch…). Its duration is about a few hundred milliseconds at one or two seconds. The sensory memory is essential to the installation of the short-term memory.

The short-term memory lasts a few tens of seconds. For this short period, it makes it possible to record a new face or a phone number. The short-term memory will give access a more advanced stage of memorizing: long-term memory. This process of passage would be facilitated by a work conscious of repetition of the new information. Thus, one also employs the term of “working memory” to qualify this short-term memory.

The long-term memory can last of the months, the years and even all the life. However, it declines with the age.

There exist two types of long-term memory

The man presents two types of long-term information storage: declaratory memory and nondeclaratory memory. These memories are not located in the same zones of the brain.

1) declaratory memory (or explicit).
The declaratory memory relates to the storage and the recovery of data which can emerge with the conscience and be expressed by the language. This memory is located in a cerebral area called “the hippocampus”.

The semantic declaratory memory and the episodical declaratory memory are distinguished:

> The semantic memory is a general memory,
Example: the knowledge of the direction of the words, general information like the name of the president, the capitals of the world…

> The episodical memory is an autobiographical memory
Example: the memory of the date and the place of the last holidays.

2) nondeclaratory memory (or implicit).
The nondeclaratory memory is not accessible in the details to the conscience. It comprises various types of memory, localized each one in precise places of the brain:

> Procedural memory: these are the acts that we learned and which we make in an automatic way without needing to reflect or to concentrate. This memory makes inter alia intervening a major zone of the brain called the “striatum”.
Example: to roll to bicycle, to eat, play of the piano, to type on a keyboard of computer.

> Starting or priming: unconscious phenomenon which makes that one remembers more easily data which have a report/ratio in the context.
Example: carry and lock rather than carries and delivers.

> The associative training (Pavlovian): a dog whose sound of a bell is associated at the time of the meal goes, at the end of a few days, to salivate as soon as he hears the sound of the bell.

> The nonassociative training (ways reflexes).

To retain

There exist three types different of memory according to their capacity to keep new information: sensory memory, short-term memory and long-term memory. These three types of memory collaborate between them for the process of memorizing. The long-term memory is also divided into two large types which are not localized in the same cerebral areas: implicit memory and explicit memory.