The brain: central processing unit of the organization

The brain
The brain: central processing unit of the organization

The brain is the seat of all the orders of the organization. It is located in the brain-pan consisted the bones of cranium, is supported by the meninges and thus protected; this box is inextensible. The brain includes/understands several areas: two cerebral hemispheres, the cerebellum, in relation ones with the others and the bodies or other parts of the body. The cerebral trunk is under the cerebellum and puts in communication the brain with the spinal-cord which is in the spinal column.
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Neurons and nerves

All the regions are linked between them by nervous cells that one calls neurons and form an extremely complex network. The neurons present prolongations, the nervous fibers; they gather to form the nerves.
The brain counts billion neurons to the birth and they die gradually into growing old. Still little time ago, one thought that the neurons did not multiply. However even at a advanced age, one realized that in a certain area of the brain, new neurons appear.

Nerve impulse

The nervous fibers make it possible to make pass from information in all the body in the shape of an electric current, the nerve impulse.
There exist on the one hand driving nervous fibers where the nerve impulse leaves the brain in direction them muscles for example to order a movement, on the other hand sensitive fibers which transmit information to the brain.

Sensors

5 directions make it possible to inform the brain about what it occurs outside: sight, hearing, touch, taste, sense of smell.
With each body an area in the brain corresponds, for example the center of the sight are in the occipital lobe, the part behind of the brain. If this center is reached, the person will present sight trouble; they could not be corrected by glasses.
The centers of the sense of smell are located in the frontal lobe, the former part of the brain, just behind the face. If this area is the seat of a pathology, the person will not have any more sense of smell.

The diagram of the body in the brain

Each area of the body is represented on the level of the cerebral cortex, i.e. the part external (the bark) of the brain. Certain areas have a place privileged like the inch, the hand, the mouth; others are represented, it is the case of the lower extremities and the foot.
It is understood that the hand and the inch in particular, can have a fine representation because their function is particularly important.
The left half of the body is represented on the right in the brain, the right half is represented on the left because the nervous fibers which put the body in relation to the brain cross on the level of the cerebral trunk.

One includes/understands thus that if a person is victim for example of an cerebral vascular accident which touches the right hemisphere, it will present a hémiplégie left half of the body.

Word

The center of the word is in the left hemisphere (for the droitiers). If this area is reached, the patient will have an aphasia, i.e. impossibility or a difficulty in speaking. However, thanks to a rehabilitation, this situation is not inevitably solidified, fortunately it can develop.

The cerebellum

It is the brain, and more particularly the cerebellum, which intervenes in the coordination of the movements. For example, the movements allowing walk are composed of the inflection of certain muscles of the lower extremity and of the extension of another group of muscles, each step can be done by the alternation of the inflection then of the extension of a muscular group while another antagonistic group of muscles extends then is bent.
It is understood that if the cerebellum is the seat of an affection, the movements could be anarchistic and the sick person will make falls, will be awkward with her hands,…

Other very important areas

For example, the pituitary gland and the hypothalamus are centers located at the base of the brain, persons in charge of the secretion of the hormones of the organization.
Or the gray cores for which the degeneration of certain cells is responsible for the Parkinson’s disease.
The cerebral trunk is an essential area from where the great vital functions of the organization are controlled: respiratory, cardiovascular, digestive, temperature of the body,…

The memory, the emotions… have also their place in the brain.
Perhaps many studies are currently in hand thanks to the medical imagery and will allow a day to better include/understand this complex body.

Promising research

Many studies are in hand for better explaining the operation of the brain and its diseases. In great number of research receives the support of the Federation of research on brain (FRC), grace in particular to the countryside of Neurodon whose Santé AZ is partner.

To retain

There exist many areas in the brain, all in relation the ones with the others.
The brain is “the computer” of the human body.
It makes it possible to send orders to the various bodies like moving a member, going, to speak, make secrete a hormone with a gland.
It receives also information of outside by the bodies of the directions like images starting from the eye.
Psychism is an important component in the operation of the brain; few elements today are well included/understood.
Thanks to progress of various techniques whose medical imagery, one includes/understands the operation of the brain better and better.